Activated Probiotics Biome Baby Probiotic

Ailments

• Digestive Upsets
• Colic
• Immune health

Instructions For Use

Infants aged 0-12 months and young children:

Administer 1 sachet daily by mixing into water, formula or milk (including breastmilk), sprinkling onto food,

or as directed by your registered healthcare practitioner.

Ingredients

No Refrigeration Required

No Added

GMO's, wheat, gluten, dairy, lactose, fructose, yeast, nuts, seeds, peanut, soy, egg, fish, shellfish, animal derivatives.

No artificial colours, flavours, sweeteners or preservatives.

Suitable for vegetarians and vegans.

Warnings and Cautions

If symptoms persist or worsen, talk to your registered healthcare practitioner

Do not use if the carton seal or sachet is damaged.

Storage Conditions

Refrigeration Not Required

Technical Information

THE INFANT MICROBIOME

The neonatal period and the first two years of a child’s life are crucial for the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome and for the maturation of a functional immune system1. Bifidobacteria are the prevalent bacteria within the gut microbiome of breastfed infants and are widely accepted as a signpost for healthy microbiota development. The higher level of bifidobacteria observed in breastfed infants is likely due to the presence of both prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bifidobacteria within the breast milk itself, with these bifidogenic effects believed to contribute to breastmilk’s beneficial associations with immune system development, prevention of chronic disease, and cognitive development2. Members of the Lactobacillus genus are also dominant in the infant gut microbiota, with the ability to ferment HMOs and impart similar benefits.

THE FIRST 1000 DAYS AND LONG-TERM HEALTH

Evidence suggests that early-life establishment of the gut microbiota is a critical developmental window for both immediate and long-term health, with these 'first 1000 days’ altering the microbial genome and the programming of an infant’s health and future risk of illness1.

Disruptions to the gut microbiota during infancy can increase the risk of developing immunological, digestive, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and a reduced level of bifidobacteria in infancy is one of the most frequent microbiological observations in various diseases1,3. For example, the poor relative abundance of faecal bifidobacteria in early life is related to the risk of developing asthma and obesity in later life3.

In asthma, the effects of antibiotic administration may be mediating this effect as they have been independently associated with a reduced abundance of bifidobacteria and a significantly increased risk of developing asthma by age 7.5 (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.40–2.17), with the odds increasing with each additional course of antibiotics4.

As well as antibiotics, delivery via caesarean section and formula feeding are two other major factors that can alter microbial development and bifidobacteria abundance in infants and thus impact future health outcomes2.

THE GUT MICROBIOME AND DIGESTIVE FUNCTION

Functional gastrointestinal disorders, including colic, regurgitation, vomiting and constipation, are common in the first few months of life5. Although little is known about their aetiology, gut microbiota abnormalities and feeding type may be implicated5.

Research is demonstrating that the gut microbiotas of infants with gaseous colic have a higher prevalence of gram-negative bacteria, particularly gas-producing coliforms such as Escherichia as well as Klebsiella, Serratia, Vibrio, Yersinia and Pseudomonas, and significantly reduced levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli when compared to other infants6.

These alterations to the composition of the gut microbiota may contribute to excessive inflammation and gas production and favour the onset and maintenance of colic. Interestingly, infants with colic have a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders and migraines later in life, highlighting the importance of identifying and addressing the underlying issue5.

THE ROLE OF PRE AND PROBIOTICS

The associations between a healthy microbiota characterised by abundant bifidobacteria and improved health outcomes during infancy and later life has driven research and development into the identification of probiotic strains which can impart some of the same digestive and metagenomic effects as the commensal microbiome found in breastfed and vaginally-delivered infants, as well as prebiotics which can promote proliferation of bifidobacteria within the infant gut.

BIFIDOBACTERIUM BREVE BR03 AND B632

Bifidobacterium breve is the dominant species within breastfed infants, and two strains in particular, B. breve BR03 and B. breve B632, have been the subject of much research. Results from a double-blind clinical trial on 155 newborns randomised to receive either a placebo or probiotic containing 1 x 108 CFU of B. breve BR03 and B. breve B632 for 90 days demonstrated that treatment with the probiotic helped to prevent functional gastrointestinal disorders in healthy breast-fed newborns.

The probiotic reduced daily vomit frequency by 56% (p < 0.03) and daily evacuations over time by 46.5% (p < 0.03), as well as improving stool consistency in those at term (p < 0.0001)5. These two strains have also demonstrated an ability to decrease total faecal coliforms and increase total faecal bifidobacteria after 21 days, and an additional study in 83 infants demonstrated statistically significant reductions in crying time in bottle-fed infants compared to placebo during the third month of treatment (p = 0.01)6,7.

LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS GG AND PREBIOTICS

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is another well-characterised probiotic strain with many known mechanisms of action that benefit digestion, immunity, and the composition of the gut microbiome in infants. For example, infant formula supplemented with L. rhamnosus GG has been found to increase faecal concentrations of butyrate (a highly beneficial short chain fatty acid) and expand the abundance of beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria in the infantile gut microbiota8. Under medical supervision in paediatric allergy centres, the addition of L. rhamnosus GG to an extensively hydrolysed casein formula (EHCF) has also been shown to accelerate the acquisition of tolerance in infants with cow’s milk allergy compared with patients receiving EHCF alone9, likely mediated by its ability to modulate the Th1/Th2 immune cell balance and rebalance Th1 immunomodulatory signals10.

L. rhamnosus GG also helps to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and has repeatedly been shown to reduce the duration of infant diarrhoea by approximately 50%11. This strain has also been well-researched for its ability to enhance immune system function in children, for example, it has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of upper respiratory tract infections in children by 38% compared to placebo, and significantly reduce their duration12,13.

Furthermore, numerous studies have also demonstrated that ingestion of infant formula containing fructooligosaccharides results in increased numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, over formula without prebiotics11,12.

References

1. Selma-Royo, M., Tarrazó, M., García-Mantrana, I., Gómez-Gallego, C., Salminen, S., & Collado, M. C. (2019). Shaping Microbiota During the First 1000 Days of Life. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1125, 3–24.

2. Saturio, S., Nogacka, A. M., Alvarado-Jasso, G. M., Salazar, N., de Los Reyes-Gavilán, C. G., Gueimonde, M., & Arboleya, S. (2021). Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health. Microorganisms, 9(12), 2415.

3. Yao, Y., Cai, X., Ye, Y., Wang, F., Chen, F., & Zheng, C. (2021). The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.708472

4. Hoskin-Parr, L., Teyhan, A., Blocker, A., & Henderson, A. J. W. (2013). Antibiotic exposure in the first two years of life and development of asthma and other allergic diseases by 7.5 yr: A dose-dependent relationship. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 24(8), 762–771.

5. Aloisio, I., Prodam, F., Giglione, E., Bozzi Cionci, N., Solito, A., Bellone, S., Baffoni, L., Mogna, L., Pane, M., Bona, G., & Di Gioia, D. (2018). Three-Month Feeding Integration With Bifidobacterium Strains Prevents Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Newborns. Frontiers in Nutrition, 5(May), 1–11.

6. Mogna, L., Del Piano, M., & Mogna, G. (2014). Capability of the two microorganisms bifidobacterium breve B632 and bifidobacterium breve BR03 to colonize the intestinal microbiota of children. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 48(December), S37–S39

7. Giglione, E., Prodam, F., Bellone, S., Monticone, S., Beux, S., Marolda, A., Pagani, A., Di Gioia, D., Del Piano, M., Mogna, G., & Bona, G. (2016). The Association of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 is Effective to Prevent Colics in Bottle-fed Infants. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 50(December), S164–S167

8. Berni Canani, R., Sangwan, N., Stefka, A. T., Nocerino, R., Paparo, L., Aitoro, R., Calignano, A., Khan, A. A., Gilbert, J. A., & Nagler, C. R. (2016). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants. The ISME journal, 10(3), 742–750.

9. Berni Canani R, Nocerino R, Terrin G, Frediani T, Lucarelli S, Cosenza L, Passariello A, Leone L, Granata V, Di Costanzo M, et al: Formula selection for management of children with cow’s milk allergy influences the rate of acquisition of tolerance: a prospective multicenter study. J Pediatr 2013,

10. Pohjavuori E, Viljanen M, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Tiittanen M, Vaarala O, Savilahti E: Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004, 114:131-136.

11. Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Ryan, C. A., Hussey, S., Murphy, B., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2009). Role of gut microbiota in early infant development. Clinical medicine. Pediatrics, 3, 45–54.

12. Liu S, Hu P, Du X, Zhou T, Pei X. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation for preventing respiratory infections in children: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Indian Pediatr. 2013 Apr;50(4):377–81.

13. Laursen RP, Hojsak I. Probiotics for respiratory tract infections in children attending day care centers—a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2018 Jul;177(7):979–94.

14. Kapiki A, Costalos C, Oikonomidou C, Triantafyllidou A, Loukatou E, Pertrohilou V. The effect of a fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented formula on gut flora of preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2007 May;83(5):335-9.