{"id":4931450175547,"title":"Medlab Mg Optima Relax Lemon Lime 300g","handle":"medlab-mg-optima-relax-lemon-lime-flavoured-300g","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax Lemon Lime Flavoured 300g\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: 300g\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax is Gluten free, No artificial colours, flavours or sweeteners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax is Suitable for Vegetarians\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax AUST L 262421\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSummary: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax contains evidence-based ingredients that may support the natural metabolic pathways for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and activity, indicated to promote relaxation during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlbion ® Magnesium bisglycinate is scientifically designed to provide a highly bioavailable form of magnesium.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium may act as a GABA receptor agonist and has a binding site on the glutamate receptors helping to regulate the activity of this main excitatory neurotransmitter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system while glutamine is a precursor to GABA production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheanine is an amino acid from Green Tea that may promote relaxation via binding to glutamate receptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePyridoxal (vitamin B6) is a cofactor for the enzyme Glutamate decarboxylase that synthesises GABA from glutamate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc also has a binding site on the glutamate receptor and may act as a modulator for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStandard Indications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStandard Indications: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelp reduce effects of mild anxiety and nervous tension.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients in this product help relieve nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety. For the symptomatic relief of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay assist in the management of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeneficial during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients in this product may be beneficial during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients may improve stress adaptation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHerbal blend which helps relieve stress of study or work.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay help reduce the frequency of migraines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelps relieve nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor the symptomatic relief of anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay assist in the management of anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelief of muscular aches and pains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSpecific Indications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecific Indications: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium is primarily found within the cell where it acts as a counter ion for the energy-rich ATP and nuclear acids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. It critically stabilises enzymes, including many ATP-generating reactions. ATP is required universally for glucose utilisation, synthesis of fat, proteins, nucleic acid and coenzymes, muscles contraction, methyl group transfer and many other processes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eATP metabolism, muscle contraction and relaxation, normal neurological function and release of neurotransmitters are all magnesium dependent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium contributes to the regulation of vascular tone, heart rhythm, proper blood coagulation and bone formation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium may modulate blood sugar regulation and cell proliferation in healthy individuals and is important for cell adhesion and transmembrane transport including transport of potassium and calcium ions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium maintains the conformation of nucleic acids and is essential for the structural function of proteins and mitochondria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly signs of magnesium deficiency may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weakness and as magnesium deficiency worsens it may be associated with numbness, tingling, muscle contractions and cramps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypomagnesaemia is common in hospitalised patients.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system with high densities of glycinergic synapses being found in spinal cord and brain stem.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine has important neurotransmitter functions at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine is one of the primary amino acids found in green tea and can pass over the blood-brain brain barrier increasing levels of concentration in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine can affect the secretion and function of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine has an affinity to bind to the glutamate receptor subtypes. L-theanine blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to the glutamate receptors in the brain, resulting in an anti-stress effect through inhibition of cortical neutron excitation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine through competitive action against excitation of glutamate receptor subtypes, neurochemical studies suggest that L-theanine affects emotions by interacting with serotonin, dopamine and GABA neurotransmitter levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDose-dependent administration of L-theanine may affect metabolism and\/or the release of specific neurotransmitters in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine induces alpha wave brain activity, which relates to a perceived state of relaxation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine may help to reduce anxiety levels and attenuate increased blood pressure in high-stress response adults.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine has a positive effect on mood and cognitive performance, resulting in increased energy, clarity of thought, efficiency, increased alertness and increased perceived work performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine may result in a reduction of heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A responses during times of acute stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc may function as an inhibitory neuromodulator of glutamate release in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproximately 10% of total zinc in the brain exists in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neutrons.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc is likely to modulate neurotransmission mediated via excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors at specific synapses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePyridoxal (B6) is involved in the regeneration of tetrahydrofolate into the active methyl- bearing form and in glutathione biosynthesis from homocysteine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-Glutamine is an amino acid precursor to the neurotransmitter GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDose\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDose: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eServing Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdd 5g (1 scoop) to 100-200mL of cold water or juice, one (1) to two (2) times per day, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEACH 5g DOSE CONTAINS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMagnesium as amino acid chelate TRAACS® (bisglycinate chelate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e150mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL-glutamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGreen Tea Dry Leaf Extract.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. green tea dry leaf.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. L-theanine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNLT 100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxal 5-Phosphate (Vitamin B6)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15.6mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. pyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eZinc (as citrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaltodextrin Malic acid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLemon lime flavour\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCitric acid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStevia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilica\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Botanical extracts present in this product may result in variations in colour and taste from batch to batch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eFree From\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFree From: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eGluten Free\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eSuitable for Vegetarians\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eNo artificial colours, flavours or sweeteners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf symptoms persist consult your healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSide Effects\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSide Effects: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium supplementation is likely well tolerated for most people but may cause stomach upset, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting in some individuals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaution should be used in patients with kidney problems as poorly functioning kidneys do not excrete magnesium from the body well leading to dangerous levels of serum magnesium levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVitamin B6 is toxic when ingested in mega doses i.e. greater than 200 mg per day for a prolonged period of time and may cause peripheral neuropathy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou can also refer to the CMI for this product for symptoms and side effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eInteractions\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInteractions: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcomitant use of magnesium and urinary excretion-reducing drugs, such as glucagons, calcitonin, and potassium-sparing diuretics, may increase serum magnesium levels, as may doxercalciferol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcomitant oral intake of magnesium may influence the absorption of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, quinolone, tetracycline), bisphosphonates, calcium channel blockers and muscle relaxants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eMagnesium Bisglycinate\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMagnesium Bisglycinate: Medlab Mg Optima\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMAGNESIUM BISGLYCINATE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax contains evidenced-based ingredients to support the natural metabolic pathways for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and activity, indicated to promote relaxation during times of stress. Albion Magnesium bisglycinate is scientifically designed to provide a highly bioavailable form of magnesium. Magnesium may act as a GABA receptor agonist and also has a binding site on the glutamate receptors helping to regulate the activity of this main excitatory neurotransmitter.1 Glycine functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system while glutamine is a precursor to GABA production.2 Theanine is an amino acid from Green Tea that promotes relaxation via binding to glutamate receptors.3 Pyridoxal (vitamin B6) is a cofactor for the enzyme Glutamate decarboxylase that synthesises GABA from glutamate.4 Zinc also has a binding site on the glutamate receptor and may act as a modulator for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagnesium is predominantly located intra-cellular in bone, muscles and non-muscular soft tissues while only 1% of total magnesium is found in serum and red blood cells. Magnesium needs to be consumed in the diet regularly to prevent the risk of magnesium deficiency and due to the increased consumption of processed foods; magnesium intake in the western world is decreasing. Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, critically stabilising enzymes, including many ATP-generating reactions. ATP metabolism, muscle contraction and relaxation, normal neurological function and release of neurotransmitters are all magnesium dependent.6 While evidence generally does not support the use of magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps with many studies producing null effect7,8, there is evidence to suggest oral magnesium supplementation can improve anaerobic metabolism in athletes, decreasing lactate production9 and improving physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in an exercise program.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagnesium may function as a GABA receptor agonist promoting the effects of GABA. Further, in the central nervous system (CNS), magnesium ions block NMDAR channels at resting membrane potentials. The binding site for magnesium ions is deep within the channel. This block is voltage-dependent but ion flux occurs when the membrane potential is depolarized. NMDAR receptors are glutamate-binding sites, being the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.11 See Figure 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cimg style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"Medlab Mg Optima Relax GABA Glutamate fig1 10% off RRP at HealthMasters\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2075\/8503\/files\/Medlab_Mg_Optima_Relax_GABA_Glutamate_fig1_10_off_RRP_at_HealthMasters_600x600.jpg?v=1590698994\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1.\u003c\/strong\u003e Neurotransmitter signalling12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eGlycine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlycine functions as one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS with a high density of glycine containing neurons being found in spinal cord and brain stem. When glycine binds to its receptor it opens the anion channel allowing an influx of chloride ions into the postsynaptic neuron causing hyperpolarization that raises the threshold for neuronal firing and thereby inhibits the postsynaptic neuron.2,13\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlutamine and glutamate are amino acids. Several studies show that concentrations of serum glutamine in the body are diminished during times of physical or psychological stress and further that patients presenting with exhaustion, anxiety, sleeplessness and lack of concentration have low serum glutamate concentration. Glutamine and glutamate synthesis occur interchangeably (see figure 2). Glutamine converts to glutamate using NADPH as a cofactor and glutamate is a precursor for GABA production using vitamin B6 as a cofactor.15-19\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"Medlab Mg Optima Relax GABA Glutamate fig2 10% off RRP at HealthMasters\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2075\/8503\/files\/Medlab_Mg_Optima_Relax_GABA_Glutamate_fig2_10_off_RRP_at_HealthMasters_600x600.jpg?v=1590699060\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 2.\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA is synthesized from Glutamine and Glutamate20\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Theanine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheanine is a novel plant-based amino acid found in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Theanine is an analog of glutamic acid and is able to bind to glutamate receptor subtypes (AMPA, kainite and NMDA receptors) and block the binding of glutamate to the receptors, albeit with less affinity for the receptor than glutamate.21 Studies have shown that L-Theanine is useful in the treatment of anxiety due to its ability to regulate neurotransmitter function in the CNS as well as improving the quality of sleep. L-Theanine supplementation in the standard dosages (50-250mg) has been shown to increase α-brainwaves in otherwise healthy persons, which is indicative of a perceived state of relaxation. This may only occur in persons with higher baseline anxiety or under periods of stress, but has been shown to occur during closed eye rest as well as during visuospatial tasks around 30 minutes after ingestion.22-26 See Figure 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered orally, L-Theanine peaks in serum within an hour and appears in the urine after 5 hours. Theanine reaches maximum concentration in the brain within 5 hours and gradually disappears within 24 hours. It freely crosses the blood-brain barrier and appears in the brain within an hour after ingestion.27 A recent study demonstrated that L-Theanine could cause anti-stress activity via inhibition of cortical neuron excitation. The results showed that L-Theanine intake resulted in a reduction in the heart rate (HR) and salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) responses to an acute stress task relative to the placebo control group that the authors attributed to an attenuation of sympathetic nervous activation.3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePyridoxal 5-Phosphate (Vitamin B6)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePyridoxine is the cofactor required by Glutamate decarboxylase to convert glutamate to GABA in the CNS.4 See Figure 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproximately 10% of total zinc in the brain is located in synaptic vesicles of certain glutamatergic neurons.5 Zinc may modulate neurotransmission mediated via both excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors at specific synapses for example the NMDA glutamate receptor is directly inhibited by zinc whereas GABA release from the presynapse can be potentiated (see Figure 1).28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Summary:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo naturally increase GABA production to induce relaxation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelps relieve symptoms of nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor the symptomatic relief of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHerbal blend which helps relieve stress of study or work\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay help reduce the frequency of migraines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-Theanine has a positive effect on mood and cognitive performance, resulting in increased energy, clarity of thought, efficiency, increased alertness and increased perceived work performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho will benefit:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose with symptoms of anxiety and nervous tension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing mild stress and associated disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing stress associated with work and\/or study\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose with magnesium deficiency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing frequent migraines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who wish to improve their cognitive performance and mood.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeld K, Antonijevic IA, Künzel H, et al. Oral Mg(2+) supplementation reverses age-related neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35(4):135-143\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLegendre P. The glycinergic inhibitory synapse. Cell. Mol. Life Sci 2001;58:760–793\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKimura K1, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, et al. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol 2007;74(1):39-45\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQu K, Martin DL, Lawrence C. Motifs and structural fold of the cofactor binding site of human glutamate decarboxylase. Protein Sci 1998;7:1092-1105.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTakeda A, Minami A, Seki Y, et al. Differential effects of zinc on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2004; 15;75(2):225-9.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J 2012;5 (1);i3–i14.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNygaard IH, Valbo A, Oethick SV, et al. Does oral magnesium substitution relieve pregnancy-inducede leg cramps? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008;141:23-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarrison SR, Birmingham CL, Koehler BE, et al. The effect of magnesium infusion on rest cramps: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011;66:661-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSetaro L, Santos-Silva PR, Nakano EY, et al. Magnesium status and the physical performance of volleyball players: effects of magnesium supplementation. J Sports Sci 2014;32:438-45.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVeronese N, Berton L, Carraro S, et al. Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Nutr 2014;100:974-81.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonaghan DT, Jane DE. Pharmacology of NMDA receptors. In: Van Dongen AM, editor. Biology of the NMDA receptor. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press\/Taylor \u0026amp; Francis; 2009. Chapter 12.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGecz, J. Glutamate receptors and learning and memory. Nat. Genet 2010;42:925\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerger AJ, Dieudonne S, Ascher P. Glycine uptake governs glycine site occupancy at NMDA receptors of excitatory synapses. J. Neurophysiol 1998;80: 3336–3340.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHubner CA, Stein V, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, et al. Disruption of KCC2 reveals an essential role of K-Cl cotransport already in early synaptic inhibition. Neuron 2001;30:515–524.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen SW, Kong WX, Zhang YJ, et al. Possible anxiolytic effects of taurine in the mouse elevated plus-maze. Life Sci 2004;75(12):1503-1511.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer, EG, et al. Glutamine, Glutamate, and Gaba in the Central Nervous System. Alan R Liss Inc. New York; 1983.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBowtell JL, Gelly K, Jackman ML, et al. Effect of oral glutamine on whole body carbohydrate storage during recovery from exhaustive exercise. J.Appl Physiol 1999:1770-1777.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelbourne TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(5):1058-1061.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHasler G, Van der Veen JW, Tumonis, T, et al. Reduced Prefrontal Glutamate\/Glutamine and Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Major Depression Determined Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psych 2007;64 (2):193-200.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOwens DF, Krieg Stein AR. Is there more to GABA than synaptic inhibition? Nat. Rev. Neurosci 2002;3:715\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKakuda T, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, et al. Inhibition by Theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]Kainate and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002;66:2683-86.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKimura R, Murata T. Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system I. Central depressant effect of theanine. Chem Pharm Bull 1971;19:1257–1261.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, et al.; The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. J Herb Pharmacother 2006;6(2):21-30.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeese T, Jenkinson J, Love C, et al.\u0026amp; Anxiolytic effects of L-theanine - a component of green tea - when combined with midazolam, in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA J 2009;77(6):445-449.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIto K, Nagato Y, Aoi N, et al. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 1998;72:153-157.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLu K., Gray MA, Oliver C, et al. The acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory anxiety in humans. Hum Psychopharmacol 2004;19(7):457-465.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLardner AL. Neurobiological effects of the green tea constituent Theanine and its potential role in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutr Neurosci 2014;17:145-55.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmart TG, Hosie AM, Miller PS. Zn2+ ions: modulators of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity. Neuroscientist 2004;10(5):432-42.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGröber U. Magnesium. In: Gröber U., editor. Micronutrients: Metabolic Tuning-Prevention-Therapy. 1st ed. MedPharm Scientific Publishers; Stuttgart, Germany: 2009:159–166.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoca FJ. Motor and sensory neuropathy secondary to excessive pyridoxine ingestion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66(9):634-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDalton K, Dalton MJ. Characteristics of pyridoxine overdose neuropathy syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;76(1):8-11.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c!-- \/TABS --\u003e","published_at":"2022-10-11T16:15:01+11:00","created_at":"2020-05-22T18:38:19+10:00","vendor":"Medlab","type":"Medlab 10% off RRP","tags":["Medlab","PB","Retail"],"price":7196,"price_min":7196,"price_max":7196,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":7995,"compare_at_price_min":7995,"compare_at_price_max":7995,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":33806347698235,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"MdLMgOptimaRelaxLL300g","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Medlab Mg Optima Relax Lemon Lime 300g","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":7196,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":7995,"inventory_quantity":497,"inventory_management":"shopify","inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9349268000515","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/MedlabMgOptimaRelaxLemonLimeFlavoured300g10_offRRPatHealthMasters.jpg?v=1623114126","\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/MedlabMgOptimaRelaxGABAGlutamatefig110_offRRPatHealthMasters.jpg?v=1590699277","\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/MedlabMgOptimaRelaxGABAGlutamatefig210_offRRPatHealthMasters.jpg?v=1590699283","\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/Medlab10_offRRPatHealthastersMedlab_e0d1c80e-a6bf-42bf-898f-286ce9b0c3f9.png?v=1602130807"],"featured_image":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/MedlabMgOptimaRelaxLemonLimeFlavoured300g10_offRRPatHealthMasters.jpg?v=1623114126","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":"Medlab Mg Optima Relax Lemon Lime 300g 10% off RRP at HealthMasters 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10% off RRP at Healthasters Medlab","id":11653615485086,"position":4,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.778,"height":1080,"width":1920,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/Medlab10_offRRPatHealthastersMedlab_e0d1c80e-a6bf-42bf-898f-286ce9b0c3f9.png?v=1602130807"},"aspect_ratio":1.778,"height":1080,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/Medlab10_offRRPatHealthastersMedlab_e0d1c80e-a6bf-42bf-898f-286ce9b0c3f9.png?v=1602130807","width":1920}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch2\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax Lemon Lime Flavoured 300g\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: 300g\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax is Gluten free, No artificial colours, flavours or sweeteners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax is Suitable for Vegetarians\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax AUST L 262421\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSummary: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax contains evidence-based ingredients that may support the natural metabolic pathways for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and activity, indicated to promote relaxation during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlbion ® Magnesium bisglycinate is scientifically designed to provide a highly bioavailable form of magnesium.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium may act as a GABA receptor agonist and has a binding site on the glutamate receptors helping to regulate the activity of this main excitatory neurotransmitter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system while glutamine is a precursor to GABA production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheanine is an amino acid from Green Tea that may promote relaxation via binding to glutamate receptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePyridoxal (vitamin B6) is a cofactor for the enzyme Glutamate decarboxylase that synthesises GABA from glutamate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc also has a binding site on the glutamate receptor and may act as a modulator for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStandard Indications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStandard Indications: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelp reduce effects of mild anxiety and nervous tension.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients in this product help relieve nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety. For the symptomatic relief of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay assist in the management of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeneficial during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients in this product may be beneficial during times of stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-vitamin active ingredients may improve stress adaptation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHerbal blend which helps relieve stress of study or work.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay help reduce the frequency of migraines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelps relieve nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor the symptomatic relief of anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay assist in the management of anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelief of muscular aches and pains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSpecific Indications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecific Indications: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium is primarily found within the cell where it acts as a counter ion for the energy-rich ATP and nuclear acids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. It critically stabilises enzymes, including many ATP-generating reactions. ATP is required universally for glucose utilisation, synthesis of fat, proteins, nucleic acid and coenzymes, muscles contraction, methyl group transfer and many other processes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eATP metabolism, muscle contraction and relaxation, normal neurological function and release of neurotransmitters are all magnesium dependent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium contributes to the regulation of vascular tone, heart rhythm, proper blood coagulation and bone formation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium may modulate blood sugar regulation and cell proliferation in healthy individuals and is important for cell adhesion and transmembrane transport including transport of potassium and calcium ions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium maintains the conformation of nucleic acids and is essential for the structural function of proteins and mitochondria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly signs of magnesium deficiency may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weakness and as magnesium deficiency worsens it may be associated with numbness, tingling, muscle contractions and cramps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypomagnesaemia is common in hospitalised patients.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system with high densities of glycinergic synapses being found in spinal cord and brain stem.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlycine has important neurotransmitter functions at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine is one of the primary amino acids found in green tea and can pass over the blood-brain brain barrier increasing levels of concentration in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine can affect the secretion and function of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine has an affinity to bind to the glutamate receptor subtypes. L-theanine blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to the glutamate receptors in the brain, resulting in an anti-stress effect through inhibition of cortical neutron excitation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine through competitive action against excitation of glutamate receptor subtypes, neurochemical studies suggest that L-theanine affects emotions by interacting with serotonin, dopamine and GABA neurotransmitter levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDose-dependent administration of L-theanine may affect metabolism and\/or the release of specific neurotransmitters in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine induces alpha wave brain activity, which relates to a perceived state of relaxation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine may help to reduce anxiety levels and attenuate increased blood pressure in high-stress response adults.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine has a positive effect on mood and cognitive performance, resulting in increased energy, clarity of thought, efficiency, increased alertness and increased perceived work performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-theanine may result in a reduction of heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A responses during times of acute stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc may function as an inhibitory neuromodulator of glutamate release in the brain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproximately 10% of total zinc in the brain exists in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neutrons.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZinc is likely to modulate neurotransmission mediated via excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors at specific synapses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePyridoxal (B6) is involved in the regeneration of tetrahydrofolate into the active methyl- bearing form and in glutathione biosynthesis from homocysteine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-Glutamine is an amino acid precursor to the neurotransmitter GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDose\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDose: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eServing Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdd 5g (1 scoop) to 100-200mL of cold water or juice, one (1) to two (2) times per day, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEACH 5g DOSE CONTAINS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMagnesium as amino acid chelate TRAACS® (bisglycinate chelate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e150mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL-glutamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGreen Tea Dry Leaf Extract.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. green tea dry leaf.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. L-theanine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNLT 100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxal 5-Phosphate (Vitamin B6)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15.6mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquiv. pyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eZinc (as citrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaltodextrin Malic acid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLemon lime flavour\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCitric acid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStevia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilica\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Botanical extracts present in this product may result in variations in colour and taste from batch to batch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eFree From\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFree From: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eGluten Free\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eSuitable for Vegetarians\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"medlab_product_content_sub_title\"\u003eNo artificial colours, flavours or sweeteners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf symptoms persist consult your healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSide Effects\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSide Effects: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnesium supplementation is likely well tolerated for most people but may cause stomach upset, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting in some individuals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaution should be used in patients with kidney problems as poorly functioning kidneys do not excrete magnesium from the body well leading to dangerous levels of serum magnesium levels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVitamin B6 is toxic when ingested in mega doses i.e. greater than 200 mg per day for a prolonged period of time and may cause peripheral neuropathy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou can also refer to the CMI for this product for symptoms and side effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eInteractions\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInteractions: Medlab Mg Optima Relax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcomitant use of magnesium and urinary excretion-reducing drugs, such as glucagons, calcitonin, and potassium-sparing diuretics, may increase serum magnesium levels, as may doxercalciferol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcomitant oral intake of magnesium may influence the absorption of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, quinolone, tetracycline), bisphosphonates, calcium channel blockers and muscle relaxants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eMagnesium Bisglycinate\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMagnesium Bisglycinate: Medlab Mg Optima\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMAGNESIUM BISGLYCINATE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedlab Mg Optima Relax contains evidenced-based ingredients to support the natural metabolic pathways for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and activity, indicated to promote relaxation during times of stress. Albion Magnesium bisglycinate is scientifically designed to provide a highly bioavailable form of magnesium. Magnesium may act as a GABA receptor agonist and also has a binding site on the glutamate receptors helping to regulate the activity of this main excitatory neurotransmitter.1 Glycine functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system while glutamine is a precursor to GABA production.2 Theanine is an amino acid from Green Tea that promotes relaxation via binding to glutamate receptors.3 Pyridoxal (vitamin B6) is a cofactor for the enzyme Glutamate decarboxylase that synthesises GABA from glutamate.4 Zinc also has a binding site on the glutamate receptor and may act as a modulator for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagnesium is predominantly located intra-cellular in bone, muscles and non-muscular soft tissues while only 1% of total magnesium is found in serum and red blood cells. Magnesium needs to be consumed in the diet regularly to prevent the risk of magnesium deficiency and due to the increased consumption of processed foods; magnesium intake in the western world is decreasing. Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, critically stabilising enzymes, including many ATP-generating reactions. ATP metabolism, muscle contraction and relaxation, normal neurological function and release of neurotransmitters are all magnesium dependent.6 While evidence generally does not support the use of magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps with many studies producing null effect7,8, there is evidence to suggest oral magnesium supplementation can improve anaerobic metabolism in athletes, decreasing lactate production9 and improving physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in an exercise program.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagnesium may function as a GABA receptor agonist promoting the effects of GABA. Further, in the central nervous system (CNS), magnesium ions block NMDAR channels at resting membrane potentials. The binding site for magnesium ions is deep within the channel. This block is voltage-dependent but ion flux occurs when the membrane potential is depolarized. NMDAR receptors are glutamate-binding sites, being the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.11 See Figure 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cimg style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"Medlab Mg Optima Relax GABA Glutamate fig1 10% off RRP at HealthMasters\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2075\/8503\/files\/Medlab_Mg_Optima_Relax_GABA_Glutamate_fig1_10_off_RRP_at_HealthMasters_600x600.jpg?v=1590698994\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1.\u003c\/strong\u003e Neurotransmitter signalling12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eGlycine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlycine functions as one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS with a high density of glycine containing neurons being found in spinal cord and brain stem. When glycine binds to its receptor it opens the anion channel allowing an influx of chloride ions into the postsynaptic neuron causing hyperpolarization that raises the threshold for neuronal firing and thereby inhibits the postsynaptic neuron.2,13\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutamine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlutamine and glutamate are amino acids. Several studies show that concentrations of serum glutamine in the body are diminished during times of physical or psychological stress and further that patients presenting with exhaustion, anxiety, sleeplessness and lack of concentration have low serum glutamate concentration. Glutamine and glutamate synthesis occur interchangeably (see figure 2). Glutamine converts to glutamate using NADPH as a cofactor and glutamate is a precursor for GABA production using vitamin B6 as a cofactor.15-19\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"Medlab Mg Optima Relax GABA Glutamate fig2 10% off RRP at HealthMasters\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2075\/8503\/files\/Medlab_Mg_Optima_Relax_GABA_Glutamate_fig2_10_off_RRP_at_HealthMasters_600x600.jpg?v=1590699060\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 2.\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA is synthesized from Glutamine and Glutamate20\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Theanine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheanine is a novel plant-based amino acid found in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Theanine is an analog of glutamic acid and is able to bind to glutamate receptor subtypes (AMPA, kainite and NMDA receptors) and block the binding of glutamate to the receptors, albeit with less affinity for the receptor than glutamate.21 Studies have shown that L-Theanine is useful in the treatment of anxiety due to its ability to regulate neurotransmitter function in the CNS as well as improving the quality of sleep. L-Theanine supplementation in the standard dosages (50-250mg) has been shown to increase α-brainwaves in otherwise healthy persons, which is indicative of a perceived state of relaxation. This may only occur in persons with higher baseline anxiety or under periods of stress, but has been shown to occur during closed eye rest as well as during visuospatial tasks around 30 minutes after ingestion.22-26 See Figure 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered orally, L-Theanine peaks in serum within an hour and appears in the urine after 5 hours. Theanine reaches maximum concentration in the brain within 5 hours and gradually disappears within 24 hours. It freely crosses the blood-brain barrier and appears in the brain within an hour after ingestion.27 A recent study demonstrated that L-Theanine could cause anti-stress activity via inhibition of cortical neuron excitation. The results showed that L-Theanine intake resulted in a reduction in the heart rate (HR) and salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) responses to an acute stress task relative to the placebo control group that the authors attributed to an attenuation of sympathetic nervous activation.3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePyridoxal 5-Phosphate (Vitamin B6)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePyridoxine is the cofactor required by Glutamate decarboxylase to convert glutamate to GABA in the CNS.4 See Figure 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproximately 10% of total zinc in the brain is located in synaptic vesicles of certain glutamatergic neurons.5 Zinc may modulate neurotransmission mediated via both excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors at specific synapses for example the NMDA glutamate receptor is directly inhibited by zinc whereas GABA release from the presynapse can be potentiated (see Figure 1).28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Summary:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo naturally increase GABA production to induce relaxation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelps relieve symptoms of nervous tension, stress and mild anxiety\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor the symptomatic relief of stress disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHerbal blend which helps relieve stress of study or work\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMay help reduce the frequency of migraines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-Theanine has a positive effect on mood and cognitive performance, resulting in increased energy, clarity of thought, efficiency, increased alertness and increased perceived work performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho will benefit:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose with symptoms of anxiety and nervous tension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing mild stress and associated disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing stress associated with work and\/or study\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose with magnesium deficiency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who are experiencing frequent migraines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThose who wish to improve their cognitive performance and mood.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeld K, Antonijevic IA, Künzel H, et al. Oral Mg(2+) supplementation reverses age-related neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35(4):135-143\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLegendre P. The glycinergic inhibitory synapse. Cell. Mol. Life Sci 2001;58:760–793\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKimura K1, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, et al. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol 2007;74(1):39-45\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQu K, Martin DL, Lawrence C. Motifs and structural fold of the cofactor binding site of human glutamate decarboxylase. Protein Sci 1998;7:1092-1105.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTakeda A, Minami A, Seki Y, et al. Differential effects of zinc on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2004; 15;75(2):225-9.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J 2012;5 (1);i3–i14.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNygaard IH, Valbo A, Oethick SV, et al. Does oral magnesium substitution relieve pregnancy-inducede leg cramps? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008;141:23-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarrison SR, Birmingham CL, Koehler BE, et al. The effect of magnesium infusion on rest cramps: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011;66:661-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSetaro L, Santos-Silva PR, Nakano EY, et al. Magnesium status and the physical performance of volleyball players: effects of magnesium supplementation. J Sports Sci 2014;32:438-45.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVeronese N, Berton L, Carraro S, et al. Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Nutr 2014;100:974-81.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonaghan DT, Jane DE. Pharmacology of NMDA receptors. In: Van Dongen AM, editor. Biology of the NMDA receptor. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press\/Taylor \u0026amp; Francis; 2009. Chapter 12.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGecz, J. Glutamate receptors and learning and memory. Nat. Genet 2010;42:925\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerger AJ, Dieudonne S, Ascher P. Glycine uptake governs glycine site occupancy at NMDA receptors of excitatory synapses. J. Neurophysiol 1998;80: 3336–3340.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHubner CA, Stein V, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, et al. Disruption of KCC2 reveals an essential role of K-Cl cotransport already in early synaptic inhibition. Neuron 2001;30:515–524.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen SW, Kong WX, Zhang YJ, et al. Possible anxiolytic effects of taurine in the mouse elevated plus-maze. Life Sci 2004;75(12):1503-1511.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer, EG, et al. Glutamine, Glutamate, and Gaba in the Central Nervous System. Alan R Liss Inc. New York; 1983.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBowtell JL, Gelly K, Jackman ML, et al. Effect of oral glutamine on whole body carbohydrate storage during recovery from exhaustive exercise. J.Appl Physiol 1999:1770-1777.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelbourne TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(5):1058-1061.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHasler G, Van der Veen JW, Tumonis, T, et al. Reduced Prefrontal Glutamate\/Glutamine and Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Major Depression Determined Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psych 2007;64 (2):193-200.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOwens DF, Krieg Stein AR. Is there more to GABA than synaptic inhibition? Nat. Rev. Neurosci 2002;3:715\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKakuda T, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, et al. Inhibition by Theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]Kainate and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002;66:2683-86.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKimura R, Murata T. Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system I. Central depressant effect of theanine. Chem Pharm Bull 1971;19:1257–1261.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, et al.; The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. J Herb Pharmacother 2006;6(2):21-30.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeese T, Jenkinson J, Love C, et al.\u0026amp; Anxiolytic effects of L-theanine - a component of green tea - when combined with midazolam, in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA J 2009;77(6):445-449.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIto K, Nagato Y, Aoi N, et al. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 1998;72:153-157.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLu K., Gray MA, Oliver C, et al. The acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory anxiety in humans. Hum Psychopharmacol 2004;19(7):457-465.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLardner AL. Neurobiological effects of the green tea constituent Theanine and its potential role in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutr Neurosci 2014;17:145-55.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmart TG, Hosie AM, Miller PS. Zn2+ ions: modulators of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity. Neuroscientist 2004;10(5):432-42.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGröber U. Magnesium. In: Gröber U., editor. Micronutrients: Metabolic Tuning-Prevention-Therapy. 1st ed. MedPharm Scientific Publishers; Stuttgart, Germany: 2009:159–166.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoca FJ. Motor and sensory neuropathy secondary to excessive pyridoxine ingestion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66(9):634-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDalton K, Dalton MJ. Characteristics of pyridoxine overdose neuropathy syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;76(1):8-11.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c!-- \/TABS --\u003e"}