{"id":8115161432294,"title":"Designs For Health B Supreme","handle":"designs-for-health-b-supreme","description":"\u003ch2\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eA comprehensive approach to supporting energy production and healthy nervous system function\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: 60 Capsules\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme Summary:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeaturing Quatrefolic, a highly bioavailable active form of folate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains CoQ10 to support energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports nervous system health and function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists glucose metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAids neurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintains a healthy stress response\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme has No added: Gluten, Dairy, Soy, Nuts, Egg, Yeast, Sesame. Tree nuts, Peanuts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree From: Artificial Flavours, Artificial Colours, Sulfites,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegan Friendly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme AUST L 390939\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDirections\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDirections: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdults:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTake 1 capsule daily with a meal, or as directed by your health professional.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive Ingredients (per vegetarian hard capsule)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxal-5-phosphate monohydrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e78.37mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Pyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMecobalamin (co-methylcobalamin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e250micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCalcium pantothenate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e109.17mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Pantothenic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Calcium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9.16mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e112.15mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Thiamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin sodium phosphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e68.49mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Riboflavin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLevomefolate Glucosamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e901.7micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Levomefolic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNicotinamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUbidecarenone (CoQ10)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine bitartrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Choline\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e41.13mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimethylglycine hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e135.39mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColloidal anhydrous silica, Hypromellose, Magnesium stearate, Purified water, Silicon dioxide\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAllergen Information\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAllergen Information: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo added: Gluten, Dairy, Soy, Nuts, Egg, Yeast, Sesame. Tree nuts, Peanuts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree From: Artificial Flavours, Artificial Colours, Sulfites,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegan Friendly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf symptoms persist, talk to your health professional.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not take while on warfarin therapy without medical advice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStorage\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore below 25°C away from direct sunlight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eEducation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEducation: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNutrient\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarnings \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContraindications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInteractions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFlushing or pruritus may occur.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHepatic or renal impairment and disease. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSerious interaction with statin medications.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLong-term large doses may cause peripheral neuropathy. Caution in patients with impaired kidney function\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSerious interaction with selinexor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFolate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndiagnosed anaemias.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMonitor patients during treatment of megaloblastic anaemia.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePotential interaction with dichlorphenamide and omadacycline.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePotential interaction with Acetylcholine and Acyclovir.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAllergy or hypersensitivity, biliary obstruction, hypertensive medication, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hepatic insufficiency and hypertension.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMild interactions may occur with insulin and statin medications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdequate intake of the B-group vitamins is fundamental to supporting all major biochemical processes in the human body. Practitioners understand the importance of replacing these water-soluble vitamins on a daily basis in order to maintain essential processes of cellular health and functioning, neurotransmitter synthesis, energy production, protein synthesis, metabolism of other essential nutrients, as well as red blood cell and haemoglobin production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB-group vitamins have biochemically synergistic effects on the body. Although these vitamins are not technically related, they are referred to as a ‘group’ as they are found together in so many foods. B-group vitamins are found in a variety of plant and animal dietary sources, including leafy green vegetables, red meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, legumes and whole grains. It is only cobalamin that is not found in plants. Instead, cobalamin is produced by the bacteria that reside in the guts of ruminants, as well as the human colon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and Nervous System Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB vitamins act as coenzymes and have a number of functions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Of specific benefit are the B vitamins thiamine and cobalamin which are both essential to the maintenance and function of the nervous system. Deficiencies of either of these B vitamins can result in conditions of neurological dysfunction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis requires adequate amounts of thiamine, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. Pyridoxine is particularly well known for its effects on the adrenergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and CoQ10 in Energy Production\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThiamine\u003c\/strong\u003e plays a coenzyme role in energy transformation as thiamine diphosphate in several reactions that result in ATP generation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRiboflavin\u003c\/strong\u003e as the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) participates in the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that occurs during metabolism and energy production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNiacin\u003c\/strong\u003e as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is involved in energy-producing reactions, including the metabolism of macronutrients and macromolecules.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs an essential precursor to the production of Coenzyme A, \u003cstrong\u003epantothenic acid\u003c\/strong\u003e is a major participant in the metabolism of nutrients and the metabolic reactions that result in energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which is required for the release of stored glycogen from the liver and muscles for energy, is a \u003cstrong\u003epyridoxine-L-phosphate\u003c\/strong\u003e dependent enzyme.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/strong\u003e as 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor required in the conversion of L-methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. This process is an essential part of the extraction of energy from proteins and lipids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoenzyme Q10\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cofactor in the electron transport chain and in redox reactions involved in producing ATP.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCoQ10 in Cardiovascular Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoenzyme Q10 is found in the cell mitochondria and membranes as ubiquinol (reduced) and ubiquinone (oxidised). Organs with the highest metabolism, such as the heart, contain significant amounts of CoQ10. This is due to the action of CoQ10 as an energy transfer molecule. CoQ10 levels reduce with age, genetics, certain medications and cardiovascular diseases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow endogenous amounts of CoQ10 have been associated with altered cardiovascular health, and its supplementation has been shown to have supportive effects on CV markers. It is thought that these effects are due to its antioxidant properties and its role in cellular energy metabolism and enzymology. CoQ10 has been found to affect nitric oxide metabolism, LDL oxidation and endothelial health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and Immune system function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalamin and pyridoxine are vital for the functioning of the immune system. Cobalamin has an immunomodulatory action in cellular immunity, influencing cytotoxic cells (natural killer cells, CD8+ and T-cells).10 Cobalamin also has involvement in the production of antibodies which are necessary for the clonal expansion of B-lymphocyte cells required for an effective immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePyridoxine is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids which are required for producing cytokines. Pyridoxine is also involved in cellular immunity through differentiation, proliferation and activity of lymphocytes, as well as modulation of the Th1 immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth B-group vitamins are also involved in intestinal immune regulation; pyridoxine does this specifically through the mediation of lymphocyte migration to the intestine. Cobalamin is used by gut microbes as a cofactor in metabolic processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB vitamins and methylation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe methylation cycle is fundamental to the optimal functioning of the immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and nervous systems, as well as gene expression and regulation. A defect in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme can lead to under-methylation which results in inadequate conversion of folate and limited conversion of other methyl groups. The B vitamins riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin are essential in supporting a healthy methylation cycle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamin Deficiency Signs and Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThiamine\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can result in beriberi, a disorder with symptoms such as weakness, muscle wasting and peripheral neuropathy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeficiency in \u003cstrong\u003eriboflavin\u003c\/strong\u003e can result in skin disorders, cheilosis, stomatitis, hair loss, oedema of the mouth and throat, blurred vision and altered iron metabolism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiacin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra, which includes the symptoms of dermatitis, delirium, peripheral neuritis, headaches, confusion, glossitis, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePantothenic acid\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can, in rare cases, lead to abdominal pain, vomiting and insomnia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeficiency in \u003cstrong\u003epyridoxine\u003c\/strong\u003e can result in seborrheic rash, weakness, fatigue, cheilosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hypochromic and microcytic anaemia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiotin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency is rare; however, symptoms include dermatitis, alopecia, brittle fingernails and perosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFolate\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency has been linked with elevated homocysteine, a marker for cardiovascular disease, including arteriosclerosis and increased risk for stroke. Neural tube defect development during pregnancy is associated with folic acid deficiency. Unaddressed folate deficiency can result in megaloblastic anaemia, glossitis, angular stomatitis, oral ulcers, irritability, cognitive decline, depression and fatigue\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can result in muscle cramps, dizziness, megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia, impaired gastric function, paraesthesia of the hands and feet, ataxia, fatigue, depression and ataxia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNUTRIENT \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTHERAPEUTIC INDICATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine (B1)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine plays a coenzyme role in a number of energy transformation reactions. Thiamine as thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is a coenzyme required for oxidative decarboxylation reactions essential to the production of ATP. Thiamine also plays a non-coenzyme role in nerve conduction.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNervous system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlucose metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin (B2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin is converted to coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that are widely distributed in tissues and are involved in redox reactions.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin (B3)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin is oxidised to coenzymes nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD is involved in transferring electrons through the electron transport chain to produce ATP. NADPH is a reducing agent in pathways, including fatty acid, cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid (B5)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid is a precursor for the production of Coenzyme A. CoA is essential to numerous biochemical processes regarding energy production, cell growth and metabolism.26\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAids metabolism of fats and proteins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine is involved in the synthesis of the gamma-amino butyric acid. It also aids in release of stored glycogen from liver and muscles.17\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy immune system support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFolate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eErythroblasts, cells necessary for the synthesis of haemoglobin, require folate for proliferation during their differentiation. Folate is converted to tetrahydrofolate reductase and methyltetrahydrofolate and transported across cell membranes to maintain the process of erythropoiesis.7, 27\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtein metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB12 is bound to the proteins transcobalamin I and II which allows it to enter cells and be utilised in erythropoiesis and energy production. Cobalamin acts as a cofactor for the enzymes methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase - both important in the breakdown of lipids and proteins that are later used for energy.28\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNervous system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy immune system support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin acts as a coenzyme within cells and is covalently bonded to the four carboxylases involved in metabolism. Biotin also plays a noncoenzyme role in cell function and cell cycle.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports healthy hair, skin and nails\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine is involved in methyl-group metabolism, especially in the liver. Choline is oxidised to betaine and is subsequently synthesised to S-adenosylmethionine.29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy liver function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10 is essential to the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP. CoQ10 converts energy from carbohydrates and fats into ATP and forms part of the electron transport chain.30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy production \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- \/TABS --\u003e","published_at":"2023-01-19T17:20:00+11:00","created_at":"2023-01-19T16:05:19+11:00","vendor":"Designs For Health","type":"Designs For Health Naturopathic Medicines","tags":["Designs For Health","Naturopathic","PB"],"price":4406,"price_min":4406,"price_max":4406,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":4895,"compare_at_price_min":4895,"compare_at_price_max":4895,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43621354111206,"title":"60 Capsules","option1":"60 Capsules","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"DFHBSupreme60C","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":{"id":39100396962022,"product_id":8115161432294,"position":1,"created_at":"2023-01-19T17:15:39+11:00","updated_at":"2023-01-19T17:16:08+11:00","alt":"Designs For Health B Supreme 60 Caps 10% off RRP at HealthMasters Designs For Health","width":1200,"height":1200,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968","variant_ids":[43621354111206]},"available":true,"name":"Designs For Health B Supreme - 60 Capsules","public_title":"60 Capsules","options":["60 Capsules"],"price":4406,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":4895,"inventory_quantity":19998,"inventory_management":"shopify","inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"9353993000030","featured_media":{"alt":"Designs For Health B Supreme 60 Caps 10% off RRP at HealthMasters Designs For Health","id":31693591281894,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":1200,"width":1200,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968"}},"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968","\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthLogo_33ce99f8-09b7-4a69-9f3f-5ff3d3b6e5ef.jpg?v=1674108968"],"featured_image":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968","options":["Size"],"media":[{"alt":"Designs For Health B Supreme 60 Caps 10% off RRP at HealthMasters Designs For Health","id":31693591281894,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":1200,"width":1200,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968"},"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":1200,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthBSupreme60Caps10_offRRPatHealthMastersDesignsForHealth.png?v=1674108968","width":1200},{"alt":"Designs For Health B Supreme 10% off RRP at HealthMasters Designs For Health Logo","id":31693398376678,"position":2,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":2.5,"height":142,"width":355,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthLogo_33ce99f8-09b7-4a69-9f3f-5ff3d3b6e5ef.jpg?v=1674108968"},"aspect_ratio":2.5,"height":142,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/products\/DesignsForHealthLogo_33ce99f8-09b7-4a69-9f3f-5ff3d3b6e5ef.jpg?v=1674108968","width":355}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch2\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eA comprehensive approach to supporting energy production and healthy nervous system function\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: 60 Capsules\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme Summary:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeaturing Quatrefolic, a highly bioavailable active form of folate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains CoQ10 to support energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports nervous system health and function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists glucose metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAids neurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintains a healthy stress response\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme has No added: Gluten, Dairy, Soy, Nuts, Egg, Yeast, Sesame. Tree nuts, Peanuts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree From: Artificial Flavours, Artificial Colours, Sulfites,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegan Friendly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigns For Health B Supreme AUST L 390939\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDirections\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDirections: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdults:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTake 1 capsule daily with a meal, or as directed by your health professional.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive Ingredients (per vegetarian hard capsule)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxal-5-phosphate monohydrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e78.37mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Pyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMecobalamin (co-methylcobalamin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e250micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCalcium pantothenate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e109.17mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Pantothenic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Calcium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9.16mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e112.15mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Thiamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin sodium phosphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e68.49mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Riboflavin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLevomefolate Glucosamine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e901.7micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Levomefolic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500micrograms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNicotinamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUbidecarenone (CoQ10)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine bitartrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eequiv. Choline\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e41.13mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimethylglycine hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e135.39mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColloidal anhydrous silica, Hypromellose, Magnesium stearate, Purified water, Silicon dioxide\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAllergen Information\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAllergen Information: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo added: Gluten, Dairy, Soy, Nuts, Egg, Yeast, Sesame. Tree nuts, Peanuts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree From: Artificial Flavours, Artificial Colours, Sulfites,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVegan Friendly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf symptoms persist, talk to your health professional.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not take while on warfarin therapy without medical advice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStorage\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore below 25°C away from direct sunlight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eEducation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEducation: Designs For Health B Supreme\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNutrient\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarnings \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContraindications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInteractions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFlushing or pruritus may occur.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHepatic or renal impairment and disease. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSerious interaction with statin medications.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLong-term large doses may cause peripheral neuropathy. Caution in patients with impaired kidney function\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSerious interaction with selinexor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFolate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndiagnosed anaemias.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMonitor patients during treatment of megaloblastic anaemia.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHypersensitivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePotential interaction with dichlorphenamide and omadacycline.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePotential interaction with Acetylcholine and Acyclovir.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAllergy or hypersensitivity, biliary obstruction, hypertensive medication, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hepatic insufficiency and hypertension.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMild interactions may occur with insulin and statin medications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdequate intake of the B-group vitamins is fundamental to supporting all major biochemical processes in the human body. Practitioners understand the importance of replacing these water-soluble vitamins on a daily basis in order to maintain essential processes of cellular health and functioning, neurotransmitter synthesis, energy production, protein synthesis, metabolism of other essential nutrients, as well as red blood cell and haemoglobin production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB-group vitamins have biochemically synergistic effects on the body. Although these vitamins are not technically related, they are referred to as a ‘group’ as they are found together in so many foods. B-group vitamins are found in a variety of plant and animal dietary sources, including leafy green vegetables, red meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, legumes and whole grains. It is only cobalamin that is not found in plants. Instead, cobalamin is produced by the bacteria that reside in the guts of ruminants, as well as the human colon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and Nervous System Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB vitamins act as coenzymes and have a number of functions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Of specific benefit are the B vitamins thiamine and cobalamin which are both essential to the maintenance and function of the nervous system. Deficiencies of either of these B vitamins can result in conditions of neurological dysfunction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis requires adequate amounts of thiamine, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. Pyridoxine is particularly well known for its effects on the adrenergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and CoQ10 in Energy Production\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThiamine\u003c\/strong\u003e plays a coenzyme role in energy transformation as thiamine diphosphate in several reactions that result in ATP generation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRiboflavin\u003c\/strong\u003e as the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) participates in the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that occurs during metabolism and energy production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNiacin\u003c\/strong\u003e as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is involved in energy-producing reactions, including the metabolism of macronutrients and macromolecules.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs an essential precursor to the production of Coenzyme A, \u003cstrong\u003epantothenic acid\u003c\/strong\u003e is a major participant in the metabolism of nutrients and the metabolic reactions that result in energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which is required for the release of stored glycogen from the liver and muscles for energy, is a \u003cstrong\u003epyridoxine-L-phosphate\u003c\/strong\u003e dependent enzyme.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/strong\u003e as 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor required in the conversion of L-methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. This process is an essential part of the extraction of energy from proteins and lipids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoenzyme Q10\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cofactor in the electron transport chain and in redox reactions involved in producing ATP.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCoQ10 in Cardiovascular Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoenzyme Q10 is found in the cell mitochondria and membranes as ubiquinol (reduced) and ubiquinone (oxidised). Organs with the highest metabolism, such as the heart, contain significant amounts of CoQ10. This is due to the action of CoQ10 as an energy transfer molecule. CoQ10 levels reduce with age, genetics, certain medications and cardiovascular diseases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow endogenous amounts of CoQ10 have been associated with altered cardiovascular health, and its supplementation has been shown to have supportive effects on CV markers. It is thought that these effects are due to its antioxidant properties and its role in cellular energy metabolism and enzymology. CoQ10 has been found to affect nitric oxide metabolism, LDL oxidation and endothelial health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamins and Immune system function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalamin and pyridoxine are vital for the functioning of the immune system. Cobalamin has an immunomodulatory action in cellular immunity, influencing cytotoxic cells (natural killer cells, CD8+ and T-cells).10 Cobalamin also has involvement in the production of antibodies which are necessary for the clonal expansion of B-lymphocyte cells required for an effective immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePyridoxine is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids which are required for producing cytokines. Pyridoxine is also involved in cellular immunity through differentiation, proliferation and activity of lymphocytes, as well as modulation of the Th1 immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth B-group vitamins are also involved in intestinal immune regulation; pyridoxine does this specifically through the mediation of lymphocyte migration to the intestine. Cobalamin is used by gut microbes as a cofactor in metabolic processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB vitamins and methylation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe methylation cycle is fundamental to the optimal functioning of the immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and nervous systems, as well as gene expression and regulation. A defect in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme can lead to under-methylation which results in inadequate conversion of folate and limited conversion of other methyl groups. The B vitamins riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin are essential in supporting a healthy methylation cycle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB Vitamin Deficiency Signs and Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThiamine\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can result in beriberi, a disorder with symptoms such as weakness, muscle wasting and peripheral neuropathy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeficiency in \u003cstrong\u003eriboflavin\u003c\/strong\u003e can result in skin disorders, cheilosis, stomatitis, hair loss, oedema of the mouth and throat, blurred vision and altered iron metabolism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiacin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra, which includes the symptoms of dermatitis, delirium, peripheral neuritis, headaches, confusion, glossitis, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePantothenic acid\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can, in rare cases, lead to abdominal pain, vomiting and insomnia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeficiency in \u003cstrong\u003epyridoxine\u003c\/strong\u003e can result in seborrheic rash, weakness, fatigue, cheilosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hypochromic and microcytic anaemia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiotin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency is rare; however, symptoms include dermatitis, alopecia, brittle fingernails and perosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFolate\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency has been linked with elevated homocysteine, a marker for cardiovascular disease, including arteriosclerosis and increased risk for stroke. Neural tube defect development during pregnancy is associated with folic acid deficiency. Unaddressed folate deficiency can result in megaloblastic anaemia, glossitis, angular stomatitis, oral ulcers, irritability, cognitive decline, depression and fatigue\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/strong\u003e deficiency can result in muscle cramps, dizziness, megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia, impaired gastric function, paraesthesia of the hands and feet, ataxia, fatigue, depression and ataxia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNUTRIENT \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTHERAPEUTIC INDICATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine (B1)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThiamine plays a coenzyme role in a number of energy transformation reactions. Thiamine as thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is a coenzyme required for oxidative decarboxylation reactions essential to the production of ATP. Thiamine also plays a non-coenzyme role in nerve conduction.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNervous system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlucose metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin (B2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRiboflavin is converted to coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that are widely distributed in tissues and are involved in redox reactions.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin (B3)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNiacin is oxidised to coenzymes nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD is involved in transferring electrons through the electron transport chain to produce ATP. NADPH is a reducing agent in pathways, including fatty acid, cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid (B5)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePantothenic acid is a precursor for the production of Coenzyme A. CoA is essential to numerous biochemical processes regarding energy production, cell growth and metabolism.26\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAids metabolism of fats and proteins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance of healthy body tissues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyridoxine is involved in the synthesis of the gamma-amino butyric acid. It also aids in release of stored glycogen from liver and muscles.17\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeurotransmitter synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy immune system support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFolate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eErythroblasts, cells necessary for the synthesis of haemoglobin, require folate for proliferation during their differentiation. Folate is converted to tetrahydrofolate reductase and methyltetrahydrofolate and transported across cell membranes to maintain the process of erythropoiesis.7, 27\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtein metabolism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCobalamin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB12 is bound to the proteins transcobalamin I and II which allows it to enter cells and be utilised in erythropoiesis and energy production. Cobalamin acts as a cofactor for the enzymes methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase - both important in the breakdown of lipids and proteins that are later used for energy.28\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssists red blood cell production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNervous system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy immune system support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBiotin acts as a coenzyme within cells and is covalently bonded to the four carboxylases involved in metabolism. Biotin also plays a noncoenzyme role in cell function and cell cycle.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports healthy hair, skin and nails\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral health and wellbeing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCholine is involved in methyl-group metabolism, especially in the liver. Choline is oxidised to betaine and is subsequently synthesised to S-adenosylmethionine.29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealthy liver function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoQ10 is essential to the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP. CoQ10 converts energy from carbohydrates and fats into ATP and forms part of the electron transport chain.30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy production \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular system health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- \/TABS --\u003e"}