{"id":8407519428838,"title":"Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota","handle":"spectrumceuticals-probioflora-microbiota","description":"\u003ch2\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eFridge Free Probiotics\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePack Size: 30 VegeCaps and 60 VegeCaps\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefrigeration Not Required\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota Summary:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota is part of the range of ProBioFlora fridge-free probiotics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota contains 5 strains of beneficial micro-organisms to assist in maintaining general health and well-being. This multi-strain probiotic formula maintains intestinal health and supports healthy immune system function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota supports intestinal-friendly flora and maintains gastrointestinal mucosal membrane health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis MicroBiota formula contains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ATCC 27536, one of the most clinically researched strains available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora probiotics use a gluten-\/soy-free maltodextrin via multi-layered microencapsulated technology. The maltodextrin is free from crustacean shellfish, egg, milk, fish, peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, coconut, filberts\/hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts), wheat, soy, sesame, sulfites, cereals without gluten, celery, lupin, molluscan shellfish, mustard and gluten.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStability testing on this micro-encapsulated strain was undertaken at 25°C in 65% relative humidity for 24 months.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpectrumceuticals conducts ongoing independent stability studies to ensure stability. ProBioFlora probiotics are in hypromellose capsules and are packed in an amber glass tamper-proof foil-sealed bottle with moisture-absorbing desiccant.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota has No added yeast, gluten, wheat, dairy, preservatives or artificial colours and flavours. Suitable for vegans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota AUST L 416281\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIndications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIndications: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support general health and wellbeing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support intestinal health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support intestinal good\/beneficial\/friendly flora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support small intestine good\/beneficial\/friendly flora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support gastrointestinal system health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support gastrointestinal mucosal membrane health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support immune system health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support healthy immune system function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support healthy gastrointestinal immune function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEach vegetarian hard capsule contains\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-12 (ATCC 27536) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLactobacillus helveticus CCFM1050\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLactobacillus reuteri (CCFM1040)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium breve (CCFM1025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium infantis (CCFM687)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* CFU (Colony Forming Units)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaltodextrin (tapioca), colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, size 0 hard hypromellose capsule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProBioFlora probiotics use gluten\/soy-free maltodextrin via multi-layered micro-encapsulated technology. The maltodextrin is free from crustacean shellfish, egg, milk, fish, peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, coconut, filberts\/hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts), wheat, soy, sesame, cereals without gluten, celery, lupin, molluscan shellfish, mustard and gluten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe micro-encapsulation contains the excipients, maltodextrin (tapioca starch), galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, hypromellose, sodium alginate (agar), polysaccharide colloidal stabilizer (plant-derived).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAllergy Advice\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAllergy Advice: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo added yeast, gluten, wheat, dairy, preservatives or artificial colours and flavours. Suitable for vegans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDose \u0026amp; Administration\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDose \u0026amp; Administration: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdults: Take 1 capsule, once daily, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo ARTG mandatory warnings\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStorage\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore at room temperature, below 25 degrees Celsius, away from direct sunlight. No need for refrigeration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not use if the tamper evidence seal is missing, torn or broken.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eClinical Studies\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClinical Studies: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProbiotic supplementation to maintain general health and wellbeing. Supplements An Evidence-based Guide, 4th Ed, Elsevier, 2015. Pp 771-796\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvidence Summary:\u003c\/strong\u003e Local signs and symptoms of disruption of the intestinal microflora leading to an imbalance (intestinal dysbiosis) include bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and\/or constipation and fungal overgrowth (such as Candida). An imbalance in the gastrointestinal microflora can be caused by the use of antibiotics, GIT infections, stress and dietary factors. Administration of probiotics is often used as a means of restoring this microflora imbalance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA growing body of evidence indicates that some probiotic strains are capable of modulating the immune system at both the systemic and the mucosal level, affecting many cell types (e.g. epithelial cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells). This immune response may take the form of increased secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) via interaction with mesenteric lymph nodes, elevated numbers of natural killer cells to enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecent research has demonstrated that dendritic cells in the lamina propria can extend their appendices between epithelial cells, and, via Toll-like receptors on their surface, sample probiotic-bacterial molecular patterns. This interaction leads to the maturation of the dendritic cells and to the release of cytokines, which orchestrate the conversion of naive T-helper cells (Th0) into a mature, balanced response of T-helper cells (Th1, Th2 and Th3\/Tr1).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbiotic strains have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects via several different mechanisms. They can secrete metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties (anti-tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] effects), they can interact with Toll-like receptors, downregulate the transcription of several genes encoding proinflammatory effectors and upregulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome probiotic strains can modify GIT transit. Two strains of bifidobacteria have been found to significantly speed colonic transit time, while a strain of propionibacteria has been shown to slow descending colon transit. The mechanisms by which probiotics alter GIT transit time have not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is postulated that a bacterial metabolite may impact sigmoid tone and alter colonic motility. The GIT microflora has been shown to play a crucial role in generating an adequate population of Th2 cells that are capable of oral tolerance induction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the presence of intestinal dysbiosis, some probiotic strains can also help induce oral tolerance and help protect against the development of food allergies. Many pathogenic organisms must associate with the GIT epithelium to colonise effectively. However, some strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli can adhere to the epithelium and act as ‘colonisation barriers’ by preventing pathogens from adhering to the mucosa. This effect has been demonstrated with LGG and L. plantarum 299v. Both of these organisms have shown the ability to inhibit attachment of Escherichia coli to human colon cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects is via inducing changes to the GIT microflora; specifically by inhibiting the growth of potentially pathogenic organisms. Some probiotic strains are capable of producing inhibitory substances such as bacteriocins, lactic acid and toxic oxygen metabolites. Of the toxic oxygen metabolites, hydrogen peroxide is of major importance as it exerts a bactericidal effect on many pathogens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome probiotic strains (LGG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12) can also bind to viruses, such as rotaviruses, helping to prevent mucosa-associated viral infections. Several probiotic strains have also demonstrated the ability to bind or remove toxins, such as aflatoxins and cyanotoxins, as well as inhibit the effects of bacterial toxins, such as Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Specific strains have also been found to reduce the expression of virulence factors via inhibition of pathogen gene encoding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngestion of selected probiotic strains has been found to significantly increase gastrointestinal populations of beneficial bacteria (i.e. lactobacilli or bifidobacteria), while simultaneously decreasing populations of less health-promoting genera. Other probiotic strains can help restore normal small intestinal architecture and upregulate intestinal brush border enzyme expression via the luminal release of polyamines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese strains will have clinical utility in situations of small intestinal damage and decreased brush border enzyme activity, such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, or after small intestinal infections. Several probiotic strains have been found to increase mucin production in the gut via increases in mucin gene expression, which provides a protective coating between the lumen and intestinal epithelial cells. Probiotics are also capable of directly strengthening the intestinal barrier. A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (WCSF1) has been found to decrease paracellular intestinal permeability by increasing the relocation of occludin and zonulin into the tight junction between duodenal epithelial cells. Other strains appear to enhance barrier function via the preservation of enterocyte cytoskeleton architecture and enhancement of tight junctional protein structures. Such strains should prove useful in the treatment and prevention of intestinal permeability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntibiotic use frequently results in significant perturbations in the GIT microflora and gastrointestinal adverse events, such as diarrhoea. It was once believed that taking probiotics concurrently with antibiotics would be a waste of time and money as the antibiotic would be likely to destroy all the administered probiotic bacteria. However, research conducted over the past 20 years clearly shows that concurrent administration of specific probiotic strains alongside antibiotics is effective and significantly decreases the incidence of antibiotic-related side effects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research examining the impact of probiotics on antibiotic-related gastrointestinal adverse events, primarily antibiotic-associated diarrhoea shows the probiotic strains with the highest level of substantiating evidence are L. rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, but a number of other strains have also demonstrated efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe intestinal microflora plays a major protective role against the development of allergy because it reduces antigen transport through the intestinal mucosa and helps induce oral tolerance. Consequently, probiotics may have a protective role in the prevention and management of atopic dermatitis and eczema because of their proposed actions. Several clinical trials have investigated probiotic therapy to prevent atopic eczema development, and some have evaluated the efficacy of probiotic therapy in the treatment of atopic eczema. Constipation affects a significant proportion of the population. Probiotics have long been touted as useful for the treatment of constipation and recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy for some probiotic strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a randomised, controlled trial, Yang et al (2008) evaluated the effect of consuming a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 (1.25 × 1010 CFU\/day) on stool parameters in constipated women (n = 135). Compared to controls, stool frequency was significantly increased in the bifidobacteria group after 1 week (3.5 movements\/week vs 2.5; P \u0026lt; 0.01) and after 2 weeks’ consumption (4.17 vs 2.6; P \u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefecation condition and stool consistency also significantly improved after 1 and 2 weeks (all P \u0026lt; 0.01) of bifidobacteria consumption (Yang et al 2008). Another randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy of a placebo to a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (6.5 × 109 CFU\/day) in constipated subjects (n = 70). After a 4-week treatment period, there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of moderate and severe constipation (P \u0026lt; 0.001) and in the occurrence of hard stools (P \u0026lt; 0.001) in the probiotic group. There was also an increase in defecation frequency (P = 0.004) and improvement in stool consistency (P \u0026lt; 0.001). General wellbeing was also significantly improved in the probiotic group (P = 0.008).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentrations \u0026gt;109 bacteria\/ dose, unless research has demonstrated that the specific strain contained in the supplement is effective in smaller amounts. 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Logo","id":32908385419494,"position":7,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":3.361,"height":238,"width":800,"src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/files\/SpectrumceuticalsLogo_4e652039-6a48-4d7b-9ed2-090a7974eccf.png?v=1705294374"},"aspect_ratio":3.361,"height":238,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/shop.healthmasters.com.au\/cdn\/shop\/files\/SpectrumceuticalsLogo_4e652039-6a48-4d7b-9ed2-090a7974eccf.png?v=1705294374","width":800}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch2\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eFridge Free Probiotics\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePack Size: 30 VegeCaps and 60 VegeCaps\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefrigeration Not Required\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota Summary:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota is part of the range of ProBioFlora fridge-free probiotics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota contains 5 strains of beneficial micro-organisms to assist in maintaining general health and well-being. This multi-strain probiotic formula maintains intestinal health and supports healthy immune system function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora MicroBiota supports intestinal-friendly flora and maintains gastrointestinal mucosal membrane health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis MicroBiota formula contains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ATCC 27536, one of the most clinically researched strains available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProBioFlora probiotics use a gluten-\/soy-free maltodextrin via multi-layered microencapsulated technology. The maltodextrin is free from crustacean shellfish, egg, milk, fish, peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, coconut, filberts\/hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts), wheat, soy, sesame, sulfites, cereals without gluten, celery, lupin, molluscan shellfish, mustard and gluten.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStability testing on this micro-encapsulated strain was undertaken at 25°C in 65% relative humidity for 24 months.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpectrumceuticals conducts ongoing independent stability studies to ensure stability. ProBioFlora probiotics are in hypromellose capsules and are packed in an amber glass tamper-proof foil-sealed bottle with moisture-absorbing desiccant.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota has No added yeast, gluten, wheat, dairy, preservatives or artificial colours and flavours. Suitable for vegans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota AUST L 416281\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- TABS --\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIndications\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIndications: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support general health and wellbeing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support intestinal health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support intestinal good\/beneficial\/friendly flora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support small intestine good\/beneficial\/friendly flora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support gastrointestinal system health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support gastrointestinal mucosal membrane health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support immune system health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support healthy immune system function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain\/support healthy gastrointestinal immune function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIngredients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIngredients: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEach vegetarian hard capsule contains\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-12 (ATCC 27536) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLactobacillus helveticus CCFM1050\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLactobacillus reuteri (CCFM1040)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium breve (CCFM1025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBifidobacterium infantis (CCFM687)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 Billion CFU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* CFU (Colony Forming Units)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eExcipients\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExcipients: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaltodextrin (tapioca), colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, size 0 hard hypromellose capsule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProBioFlora probiotics use gluten\/soy-free maltodextrin via multi-layered micro-encapsulated technology. The maltodextrin is free from crustacean shellfish, egg, milk, fish, peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, coconut, filberts\/hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts), wheat, soy, sesame, cereals without gluten, celery, lupin, molluscan shellfish, mustard and gluten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe micro-encapsulation contains the excipients, maltodextrin (tapioca starch), galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, hypromellose, sodium alginate (agar), polysaccharide colloidal stabilizer (plant-derived).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAllergy Advice\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAllergy Advice: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo added yeast, gluten, wheat, dairy, preservatives or artificial colours and flavours. Suitable for vegans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eDose \u0026amp; Administration\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDose \u0026amp; Administration: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdults: Take 1 capsule, once daily, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eWarnings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWarnings: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo ARTG mandatory warnings\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eStorage\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore at room temperature, below 25 degrees Celsius, away from direct sunlight. No need for refrigeration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not use if the tamper evidence seal is missing, torn or broken.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eClinical Studies\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClinical Studies: Spectrumceuticals ProBioFlora MicroBiota\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProbiotic supplementation to maintain general health and wellbeing. Supplements An Evidence-based Guide, 4th Ed, Elsevier, 2015. Pp 771-796\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvidence Summary:\u003c\/strong\u003e Local signs and symptoms of disruption of the intestinal microflora leading to an imbalance (intestinal dysbiosis) include bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and\/or constipation and fungal overgrowth (such as Candida). An imbalance in the gastrointestinal microflora can be caused by the use of antibiotics, GIT infections, stress and dietary factors. Administration of probiotics is often used as a means of restoring this microflora imbalance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA growing body of evidence indicates that some probiotic strains are capable of modulating the immune system at both the systemic and the mucosal level, affecting many cell types (e.g. epithelial cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells). This immune response may take the form of increased secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) via interaction with mesenteric lymph nodes, elevated numbers of natural killer cells to enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecent research has demonstrated that dendritic cells in the lamina propria can extend their appendices between epithelial cells, and, via Toll-like receptors on their surface, sample probiotic-bacterial molecular patterns. This interaction leads to the maturation of the dendritic cells and to the release of cytokines, which orchestrate the conversion of naive T-helper cells (Th0) into a mature, balanced response of T-helper cells (Th1, Th2 and Th3\/Tr1).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbiotic strains have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects via several different mechanisms. They can secrete metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties (anti-tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] effects), they can interact with Toll-like receptors, downregulate the transcription of several genes encoding proinflammatory effectors and upregulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome probiotic strains can modify GIT transit. Two strains of bifidobacteria have been found to significantly speed colonic transit time, while a strain of propionibacteria has been shown to slow descending colon transit. The mechanisms by which probiotics alter GIT transit time have not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is postulated that a bacterial metabolite may impact sigmoid tone and alter colonic motility. The GIT microflora has been shown to play a crucial role in generating an adequate population of Th2 cells that are capable of oral tolerance induction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the presence of intestinal dysbiosis, some probiotic strains can also help induce oral tolerance and help protect against the development of food allergies. Many pathogenic organisms must associate with the GIT epithelium to colonise effectively. However, some strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli can adhere to the epithelium and act as ‘colonisation barriers’ by preventing pathogens from adhering to the mucosa. This effect has been demonstrated with LGG and L. plantarum 299v. Both of these organisms have shown the ability to inhibit attachment of Escherichia coli to human colon cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects is via inducing changes to the GIT microflora; specifically by inhibiting the growth of potentially pathogenic organisms. Some probiotic strains are capable of producing inhibitory substances such as bacteriocins, lactic acid and toxic oxygen metabolites. Of the toxic oxygen metabolites, hydrogen peroxide is of major importance as it exerts a bactericidal effect on many pathogens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome probiotic strains (LGG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12) can also bind to viruses, such as rotaviruses, helping to prevent mucosa-associated viral infections. Several probiotic strains have also demonstrated the ability to bind or remove toxins, such as aflatoxins and cyanotoxins, as well as inhibit the effects of bacterial toxins, such as Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Specific strains have also been found to reduce the expression of virulence factors via inhibition of pathogen gene encoding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngestion of selected probiotic strains has been found to significantly increase gastrointestinal populations of beneficial bacteria (i.e. lactobacilli or bifidobacteria), while simultaneously decreasing populations of less health-promoting genera. Other probiotic strains can help restore normal small intestinal architecture and upregulate intestinal brush border enzyme expression via the luminal release of polyamines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese strains will have clinical utility in situations of small intestinal damage and decreased brush border enzyme activity, such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, or after small intestinal infections. Several probiotic strains have been found to increase mucin production in the gut via increases in mucin gene expression, which provides a protective coating between the lumen and intestinal epithelial cells. Probiotics are also capable of directly strengthening the intestinal barrier. A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (WCSF1) has been found to decrease paracellular intestinal permeability by increasing the relocation of occludin and zonulin into the tight junction between duodenal epithelial cells. Other strains appear to enhance barrier function via the preservation of enterocyte cytoskeleton architecture and enhancement of tight junctional protein structures. Such strains should prove useful in the treatment and prevention of intestinal permeability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntibiotic use frequently results in significant perturbations in the GIT microflora and gastrointestinal adverse events, such as diarrhoea. It was once believed that taking probiotics concurrently with antibiotics would be a waste of time and money as the antibiotic would be likely to destroy all the administered probiotic bacteria. However, research conducted over the past 20 years clearly shows that concurrent administration of specific probiotic strains alongside antibiotics is effective and significantly decreases the incidence of antibiotic-related side effects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research examining the impact of probiotics on antibiotic-related gastrointestinal adverse events, primarily antibiotic-associated diarrhoea shows the probiotic strains with the highest level of substantiating evidence are L. rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, but a number of other strains have also demonstrated efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe intestinal microflora plays a major protective role against the development of allergy because it reduces antigen transport through the intestinal mucosa and helps induce oral tolerance. Consequently, probiotics may have a protective role in the prevention and management of atopic dermatitis and eczema because of their proposed actions. Several clinical trials have investigated probiotic therapy to prevent atopic eczema development, and some have evaluated the efficacy of probiotic therapy in the treatment of atopic eczema. Constipation affects a significant proportion of the population. Probiotics have long been touted as useful for the treatment of constipation and recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy for some probiotic strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a randomised, controlled trial, Yang et al (2008) evaluated the effect of consuming a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 (1.25 × 1010 CFU\/day) on stool parameters in constipated women (n = 135). Compared to controls, stool frequency was significantly increased in the bifidobacteria group after 1 week (3.5 movements\/week vs 2.5; P \u0026lt; 0.01) and after 2 weeks’ consumption (4.17 vs 2.6; P \u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefecation condition and stool consistency also significantly improved after 1 and 2 weeks (all P \u0026lt; 0.01) of bifidobacteria consumption (Yang et al 2008). Another randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy of a placebo to a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (6.5 × 109 CFU\/day) in constipated subjects (n = 70). After a 4-week treatment period, there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of moderate and severe constipation (P \u0026lt; 0.001) and in the occurrence of hard stools (P \u0026lt; 0.001) in the probiotic group. There was also an increase in defecation frequency (P = 0.004) and improvement in stool consistency (P \u0026lt; 0.001). General wellbeing was also significantly improved in the probiotic group (P = 0.008).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentrations \u0026gt;109 bacteria\/ dose, unless research has demonstrated that the specific strain contained in the supplement is effective in smaller amounts. If a product contains multiple strains, then each strain should be present at levels of ≥109 to ensure effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- \/TABS --\u003e"}